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Volcanoes in Indonesia
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The geography of Indonesia is dominated by volcanoes that are formed due to subduction zones between the Eurasian plate and the Indo-Australian plate. Some of the volcanoes are notable for their eruptions, for instance, Krakatau for its global effects in 1883, Lake Toba for its supervolcanic eruption estimated to have occurred 74,000 Before Present which was responsible for six years of volcanic winter, and Mount Tambora for the most violent eruption in recorded history in 1815.
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Sumatra
List of volcanoes in Indonesia
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The geography of Sumatra is dominated by a mountain range called Bukit Barisan (lit: "a row of hills"). The mountain range spans nearly 1,700 km from the north to the south of the island, and it was formed by movement of the Australian tectonic plate. The plate moves with a convergence rate of 5.5 cm/year which has created major earthquakes on the western side of Sumatra including the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake. The tectonic movement has been responsible not only for earthquakes, but also for the formulation of magma chambers beneath the island.
Only one of the 35 active volcano's, Weh, is separated from the Sumatran mainland. The separation was caused by a large eruption that filled the lowland between Weh and the rest of the mainland with sea water in the Pleistocene epoch. The largest volcano of Sumatra is the super-volcano Toba within the 100 by 30 km Lake Toba, which was created after a caldera collapse (est. in 74,000 Before Present). The eruption is estimated to have been at level eight on the VEI scale, the largest possible for a volcanic eruption. The highest peak of the mountain range is Mount Kerinci with an elevation of 3,800 meter.
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Name |
Shape |
Elevation |
Last eruption (VEI) |
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Weh |
Stratovolcano |
617 |
Pleistocene |
| Seulawah Agam |
Stratovolcano |
1,810 |
1839 (2) |
| Peuet Sague |
Complex volcano |
2,801 |
25 December 2000 (2) |
| Geureudong |
Stratovolcano |
2,885 |
1937 |
| Kembar |
Shield volcano |
2,245 |
Pleistocene |
| Sibayak |
Stratovolcano |
2,212 |
1881 |
| Sinabung |
Stratovolcano |
2,460 |
unknown |
| Toba |
Supervolcano |
2,157 |
unknown |
| Helatoba-Tarutung |
Fumarole field |
1,100 |
Pleistocene |
| Imun |
unknown |
1,505 |
unknown |
| Sibualbuali |
Stratovolcano |
1,819 |
unknown |
| Lubukraya |
Stratovolcano |
1,862 |
unknown |
| Sorikmarapi |
Stratovolcano |
2,145 |
1986 (1) |
| Talakmau |
Complex volcano |
2,919 |
unknown |
| Sarik-Gajah |
Volcanic cone |
unknown |
unknown |
| Marapi |
Complex volcano |
2,891 |
5 August 2004 (2) |
| Tandikat |
Stratovolcano |
2,438 |
1924 (1) |
| Talang |
Stratovolcano |
2,597 |
12 April 2005 (2) |
| Kerinci |
Stratovolcano |
3,800 |
22 June 2004 (2) |
| Hutapanjang |
Stratovolcano |
2,021 |
unknown |
| Sumbing |
Stratovolcano |
2,507 |
23 May 1921 (2) |
| Kunyit |
Stratovolcano |
2,151 |
unknown |
| Pendan |
unknown |
unknown |
unknown |
| Belirang-Beriti |
compound |
1,958 |
unknown |
| Daun |
Stratovolcano |
2,467 |
unknown |
| Kaba |
Stratovolcano |
1,952 |
22 August 2000 (1) |
| Dempo |
Stratovolcano |
3,173 |
October 1994 (1) |
| Patah |
unknown |
2,817 |
unknown |
| Lumut Balai |
Stratovolcano |
2,055 |
unknown |
| Besar |
Stratovolcano |
1,899 |
April 1940 (1) |
| Ranau |
Caldera |
1,881 |
unknown |
| Sekincau Belirang |
Caldera |
1,719 |
unknown |
| Suwoh |
Caldera |
1,000 |
10 July 1933 (4) |
| Hulubelu |
Caldera |
1,040 |
unknown |
| Rajabasa |
Stratovolcano |
1,281 |
unknown |
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Last revised on January 22, 2010
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